The federal Anti-Kickback Statute is a healthcare fraud and abuse statute that prohibits the exchange of remuneration—which the statute defines broadly as anything of value—for referrals for services that are payable by a federal program, which, in the context of healthcare providers, is Medicare. Anti-Kickback violations also usually constitute violations of the False Claims Act, meaning that Anti-Kickback investigations can likewise result in fraud liability. However, there are far more criminal prosecutions of individual physicians under the Anti-Kickback Statute than the False Claims Act.